# Development of a Process Technology to Improve the Internal Particle Density and Enhance the Performance of Medical Radiation Shielding Materials

## TL;DR

This paper presents a new process technology to improve the density and performance of medical radiation shielding materials using eco-friendly alternatives to lead.

## Contribution

A novel method for density enhancement using polydisperse particle packing and process techniques like sintering and compression.

## Key findings

- Sintering improved shielding performance by 4% at 90 wt% tungsten content.
- Compression molding improved shielding performance by 10% at 90 wt% tungsten content.
- Solvent removal increased density by 13.18%, but was less effective than compression.

## Abstract

Protective garments for the medical radiation shielding of healthcare professionals must ensure flexibility and shielding performance. As such, process technologies for density enhancement are required when manufacturing shielding sheets to ensure the reproducibility of flexibility and shielding performance. Although previous efforts commonly reduced particle size to minimize porosity, nanoparticle production cost is significant. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the density of the shielding sheet by controlling the spacing between internal particles. The proposed improvement method is based on polydisperse particle packing. Particle sizes can be adjusted using process techniques such as sintering, pressing, and mixing. The study materials used are tungsten and bismuth oxide (eco-friendly alternatives to lead), with polyethylene as the polymer matrix. First, the shielding performance improved by 4% in the sintering process when the tungsten content reached 90 weight percent (wt%). The solvent removal process, used to eliminate the solvent added for polymer utilization, increased the density by 13.18%; however, it was lower than that of the compression process. The shielding performance improved by approximately 10% in the compression molding process when the tungsten content was 90 wt%. This study confirms that optimizing density enhancement strategies for radiation shielding materials can significantly improve shielding performance.