# Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through Proteomics

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how proteomics has advanced our understanding of the biology behind acute coronary syndromes and identified potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The paper provides a critical overview of untargeted omics research in identifying biomarkers for acute coronary syndromes over the past two decades.

## Key findings

- Proteomics has identified novel circulating and tissue biomarkers relevant to acute coronary syndromes.
- Advancements in proteomic technologies have revealed pathways involved in atherosclerotic degeneration.
- Multiple biological matrices have been studied to uncover markers for early diagnosis and therapeutic targets.

## Abstract

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart. This includes unstable angina, the mildest form, as well as non-ST- and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The primary cause of ACS is typically the rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery, resulting in the formation of a blood clot that can, partially or completely, block the blood flow to the heart muscle. The ongoing discovery and comprehension of emerging biomarkers for atherosclerosis could enhance our capacity to predict future events, particularly when integrated alongside traditional risk factors in assessing overall risk profiles. With advancements in proteomic technologies, large-scale approaches have been increasingly instrumental in unraveling pathways implicated in atherosclerotic degeneration and identifying novel circulating markers, which may serve as early diagnostic indicators or targets for innovative therapies. Over recent decades, numerous matrices including plasma, urine, microparticles, lipoproteins, atherosclerotic plaque extracts and secretomes, as well as thrombi, have been examined to address these questions. Furthermore, proteomics has been applied to various experimental models of atherosclerosis to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying atherogenesis. This review offers a critical overview of the past two decades of untargeted omics research focused on identifying circulating and tissue biomarkers relevant to ACS.