# Role of Masticatory Force in Modulating Jawbone Immunity and Bone Homeostasis: A Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how chewing forces affect jawbone immunity and bone health through interactions between mechanical stress and immune responses.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of how masticatory forces influence jawbone immunity and bone remodeling through mechanotransduction and immune cell modulation.

## Key findings

- Masticatory forces influence jawbone immunity through mechanotransduction in osteocytes and macrophage polarization.
- The RANKL-RANK-OPG pathway plays a key role in bone resorption and immune regulation in response to chewing forces.
- Mastication modulates immune responses via cytokine changes and hormonal pathways, impacting bone homeostasis.

## Abstract

Mastication exerts a significant influence on both the structural and immunological environment of the jawbone. The mechanical stress generated during chewing initiates bone remodeling through the coordinated activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, with these processes being modulated by immune cell responses. This review summarizes the interaction between masticatory forces and jawbone immunity, focusing on key mechanisms such as mechanotransduction in osteocytes, macrophage polarization, and the activation of T cells. The review also delves into the role of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling pathway, highlighting its critical function in bone resorption and immune regulation. Additionally, the review summarizes how masticatory forces modulate the immune response through changes in immune cells, particularly focusing on cytokines, and the involvement of hormonal and molecular pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between mechanical forces and immune cells, with implications for bone health.