# Implementing mHealth Apps Through Community Engagement to Promote Cancer Screening: A Scoping Review

## TL;DR

This review examines how community engagement in developing mHealth apps can improve cancer screening, focusing on colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers.

## Contribution

The study identifies research gaps and highlights the importance of community involvement in mHealth app development for cancer screening.

## Key findings

- Most studies focused on colorectal and breast cancer with minority populations.
- Community involvement in design and recruitment improved screening outcomes.
- No community-designed mHealth app was found for cervical cancer screening.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Colorectal (CRC), breast (BC), and cervical cancer (CC) pose a significant health burden, yet screening programs have been proven to reduce cancer-specific mortality and other non-lethal endpoints. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies can enhance adherence, but effectiveness varies. This scoping review aims to explore mHealth apps for cancer screening developed with community engagement, identifying research approaches and gaps. Methods: A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines analyzed studies on mHealth apps for cancer screening developed through community engagement. Community engagement was classified per WHO’s definition. Databases were searched using a PCC-based strategy; eligible studies involved app development, excluding hypothetical apps or text messaging-/social media-only interventions. Screening and data extraction were conducted independently. Results: Thirteen articles were included. Findings indicate a growing but limited body of evidence, with most studies focusing on CRC and BC and involving minority populations through mHealth apps. Key engagement phases included research design, CAB establishment, and recruitment, while priority setting was never community-led. The wMammogram, Meet ALEX, and mMammogram apps improved screening knowledge, intention, and participation, while ColorApp enhanced knowledge but not attitudes. Only CBPR-based studies included dissemination, and one involved the CAB in data analysis. Some studies acknowledged community contributions, though details on ColorApp’s engagement were limited. Conclusions: Standardized engagement frameworks combined with mHealth were associated with greater community involvement and may improve equity. No community-designed mHealth app was found for CC screening, despite its relevance. Future research should address gaps in CC programs, prioritize early community involvement, and assess the long-term impact of mHealth interventions.