# Predictors of Postpartum Depression in Korean Women: A National Cross-Sectional Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic

## TL;DR

This study found that 26.5% of Korean mothers experienced postpartum depression during the pandemic, with risk factors like a history of depression and infant health issues, and protective factors like paternal involvement and good maternal health.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific predictors of postpartum depression in Korean women during the pandemic, emphasizing the role of maternal and infant health and paternal involvement.

## Key findings

- PPD prevalence was 26.5% among Korean mothers during the pandemic.
- A history of depression during pregnancy was a strong risk factor for PPD.
- Paternal involvement and maternal health were protective against PPD.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects maternal well-being and infant development, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating mental health challenges for new mothers. This study examined the prevalence and predictors of PPD among Korean mothers in the early postpartum period. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in South Korea from 10 September 2021. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method recruited 3127 mothers who gave birth between January and December 2020. Data collection included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and assessments of sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, infant health, and paternal involvement factors. Results: The prevalence of PPD (EPDS score ≥ 13) was 26.5%. Risk factors included a history of depression during pregnancy (OR = 8.65, p < 0.001), multiparity (OR = 1.03, p = 0.012), and frequent infant medical treatments (OR = 1.04, p < 0.001). Protective factors included better maternal health (OR = 0.36, p < 0.001), longer postpartum care (OR = 0.99, p < 0.001), enhanced postpartum education (OR = 0.97, p < 0.001), positive infant health perception (OR = 0.44, p < 0.001), and greater paternal involvement (OR = 0.97, p < 0.001). Conclusions: PPD is influenced by multiple factors, including maternal health, infant well-being, and paternal support. Routine screening and tailored interventions are essential to improve maternal mental health. Policies promoting holistic postpartum care and paternal involvement should be prioritized, especially during global crises like COVID-19.