# Protective Factors Against Social Exclusion in Adolescents: Physical Condition and Physical Activity

## TL;DR

This study shows that physical activity and good fitness help protect adolescents from social exclusion, especially through team and contact sports.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific types of physical activity and fitness components that act as protective factors against social exclusion in adolescents.

## Key findings

- Adolescents in team or contact sports experience lower levels of both manifest and subtle social exclusion.
- Aerobic endurance, age, and gender are key predictors of manifest exclusion.
- Participation in organized physical activities predicts lower subtle exclusion.

## Abstract

Background: Social exclusion in children and adolescents can lead to negative effects such as anxiety, low self-esteem, and academic difficulties. Physical activity and good physical condition could act as protective factors by promoting social integration and emotional well-being. Methods: The aim of this study was to analyse whether participation in physical activity and good physical fitness test protect against social exclusion in adolescents aged 12 to 19. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 876 adolescents, assessing physical activity, physical fitness test (EUROFIT), BMI, and social exclusion (both subtle and manifest) through questionnaires and physical tests. Spearman correlations, ANOVA, and stepwise regression analysis were applied. Results: Adolescents who participated in organised physical activities, such as team sports, opposition, or contact sports, showed lower levels of both manifest and subtle exclusion. Aerobic endurance, age, abdominal strength, and gender were predictors of manifest exclusion, while aerobic endurance, age, and participation in organised physical activities predicted subtle exclusion. Conclusions: Physical condition and participation in physical activity protect against social exclusion. Taking part in competitive team activities involving contact and opposition is associated with lower levels of exclusion. It is essential to promote strategies that enhance inclusion and well-being among young people.