# Middle Ear Disorders in Children with Down Syndrome: The Detrimental Effect on Speech and Language Development

## TL;DR

Children with Down Syndrome are more likely to have middle ear issues, which can lead to hearing loss and delays in speech and language development.

## Contribution

This study highlights the link between middle ear disorders and speech delays in children with Down Syndrome.

## Key findings

- Recurrent otitis media was significantly higher in children with Down Syndrome (56.5%) compared to controls (26%).
- Conductive hearing loss was more common in the study group (71.2%) than in controls (14.9%).
- Conductive hearing loss was statistically associated with delayed speech development in children with Down Syndrome.

## Abstract

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the prevalence of middle ear disorders and associated risk factors that contribute to speech and language developmental delays in children with Down Syndrome. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in 70 children with Down Syndrome between the ages of 1 and 18. Data, including complete physical and otorhinolaryngological examinations, hearing tests, and evaluation of speech and language skills, was compared to a historic typical control group. Results: Recurrent otitis media was significantly higher in the study group (56.5%) compared to the control (26%) (p = 0.05). The rate of conductive hearing loss was significantly higher in the study group (71.2%) compared to the control (14.9%) (p = 0.0001). Conductive hearing loss was statistically associated with delayed speech development (p = 0.046). Conclusions: Middle ear disorders are common in children with Down Syndrome and are associated with conductive hearing loss and delay of speech and language development. This study emphasizes the importance of routine examination of this population by an Otorhinolaryngologist and speech therapist.