# Hip Involvement in Pediatric Scurvy: Early Magnetic Imaging Signs

## TL;DR

This study identifies early MRI signs of scurvy in children's hips, showing MRI is more effective than X-rays for early detection.

## Contribution

The study presents specific MRI features of scurvy in the pelvis and highlights MRI's superiority over X-rays for early diagnosis.

## Key findings

- Pelvic MRI in scurvy shows bilateral, patchy, water-like signal intensity in the sacroiliac area.
- Plain radiography was negative in seven out of ten patients, indicating its low sensitivity in early scurvy.
- MRI detected sacroiliitis and hip effusion, suggesting joint inflammation in scurvy.

## Abstract

Background: Scurvy is an uncommon and often underrecognized disease. However, conditions associated with a restrictive and/or selective diet and inadequate absorption still pose a high risk for developing vitamin C deficiency. Musculoskeletal symptoms are among the most characteristic manifestations of scurvy, often requiring radiological investigations. Objective: This study aims to describe the radiological signs of scurvy on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children presenting with musculoskeletal symptoms and to highlight features that may help differentiate it from other conditions with similar presentations. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including children admitted for musculoskeletal symptoms requiring a pelvic MRI and who were subsequently diagnosed with scurvy. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were extracted from electronic medical records. Results: We identified ten patients with a median age at disease onset of 45 months (range 17–133 months) admitted between 2016 and 2022. All ten patients included in the study were male. All had at least one of the following symptoms: limping, pain in the lower limbs, or refusal to walk, in addition to gum bleeding (7/10), hypertrophic gums (5/10), purpura (3/10), irritability (3/10), and fever (2/10). In all patients, pelvic MRI showed a bilateral, patchy, abnormal, water-like signal intensity pattern in the sacroiliac area. Sacroiliitis was detected in three children and hip effusion in another child. Seven out of these ten patients had a previous pelvis X-ray that was negative. Conclusions: In scurvy, the pelvis is often prematurely affected, with bone marrow accumulating water and joints showing inflammatory changes, particularly at the hips and sacroiliac joints. Due to its ability to assess soft tissues and its high sensitivity to water content, MRI is the ideal imaging tool to assess these changes. In contrast, plain radiography is less sensitive and specific and may be uninformative in the early stages of the disease.