# Forensic Microbiology: Challenges in Detecting Sexually Transmitted Infections

## TL;DR

This paper reviews challenges in detecting STIs in sexual assault victims and highlights the potential of point-of-care methods for faster and more accurate diagnosis.

## Contribution

The study evaluates STI detection techniques and emphasizes the advantages of point-of-care methods in forensic microbiology.

## Key findings

- Common STIs like gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and syphilis are often asymptomatic in carriers, complicating detection.
- Point-of-care methods offer faster and more accurate STI diagnosis compared to traditional techniques.
- Research on STIs in sexual crime victims is essential for understanding public health implications.

## Abstract

Sexual assault crimes consist of acts committed without consent and represent a major global issue with serious implications for victims. These acts have both short- and long-term consequences on the physical, mental, and sexual health of victims, with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) being one of the direct outcomes of such crimes. Sexually transmitted infections constitute a serious global public health problem and can lead to severe consequences. These infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and are transmitted through sexual contact. Some of the most common STIs among the general population and victims of sexual crimes include gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and syphilis. In most carriers, these infections are asymptomatic, making their detection particularly challenging. Considering the importance of further research in this field, the primary objectives of this study are to review the existing literature on the incidence of major STIs in victims of sexual crimes, to identify the various risk factors associated with these infections, and to explore their public health implications. Additionally, this study aims to assess different STI detection techniques, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Studies on this topic are crucial for better understanding the role of sexually transmitted infections in the context of sexual crimes. However, throughout this work, it was verified that point-of-care methods are a good option to allow the diagnosis to be faster and more accurate, when compared to other methods of detecting sexually transmitted infections.