# Blood Serum from Patients with Acute Leukemia Inhibits the Growth of Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

## TL;DR

Blood serum from acute leukemia patients hinders the growth of bone marrow stem cells, possibly due to lower levels of growth factors and other systemic imbalances.

## Contribution

The study identifies systemic factors in leukemia patients' serum that inhibit mesenchymal stromal cell growth.

## Key findings

- AL patient sera reduced MSC cell yield compared to healthy donor sera.
- PDGFA levels were lower in AL patients, while PDGFB levels fluctuated with disease stages.
- MSC growth correlated with platelet count, albumin, and calcium levels in patient serum.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Acute leukemia (AL) alters both hematopoiesis and the bone marrow stromal microenvironment. Attempts to develop a culture of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from AL patients’ bone marrow are not always successful, as opposed to healthy donors’ bone marrow. Methods: To unveil the reason, healthy donors’ MSCs were cultured in the presence of sera from healthy donors (control group) or AL patients at the onset of the disease, in short- and long-term remission, and before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Results: The cell yield in the presence of patient sera was lower than in the control, regardless of the AL stage. It was assumed that the patients either lacked growth factors to sustain MSCs, or there were inhibitors of MSC growth present. The serum’s ability to support MSC growth correlated with platelet count and albumin and calcium concentrations in patients’ blood. Platelet-derived growth factors—PDGFA and PDGFB—are known to induce MSC growth. Their concentration in the serum of AL patients and healthy donors was analyzed. A decrease in PDGFA concentration was found in the sera of patients compared to healthy donors. PDGFB concentration was lower at disease onset, increased during remission and decreased again during relapse. PDGFB concentration correlated with platelet count, while PDGFA concentration did not. AL patients’ sera reflected systemic disturbances affecting MSC growth. So far, decreases in PDGFs, albumin and calcium concentration, as well as platelet count, are the parameters that might be among the causes of this observation.