# Advancing Tissue Engineering Through a Portable Perfusion and Incubation System

## TL;DR

A portable perfusion system is developed to enhance tissue engineering by improving nutrient delivery and tissue organization.

## Contribution

A novel portable perfusion system is introduced that supports tissue growth with controlled flow and incubation.

## Key findings

- The system achieves flow velocities similar to in vivo interstitial flow, ensuring even nutrient distribution.
- Perfusion did not harm cell viability and improved spatial organization and tissue matrix strength.
- The system supports tissue maturation and reduces hydrogel scaffold degradation.

## Abstract

Perfusion offers unique benefits to tissue-engineered systems, enhancing oxygen and nutrient transport, which improves tissue formation and growth. In this study, we present a novel and integrated portable perfusion system. Weighing < 10 lbs, the system can maintain continuous flow in a standard incubation environment (37 °C, 5% CO2), effectively functioning as a portable perfusion and tissue culturing system. To characterize the perfusion system’s flow parameters, we measured the volumetric flow rate across a range of pressures and found that the system could achieve flow velocities between 1.69 to 4.6 μm/s, which is similar to in vivo interstitial flow. Computational fluid dynamics revealed fully developed laminar flow within the sample-containing region of the perfusion system, helping ensure even fluid and nutrient distribution. To study the system’s compatibility with live tissues, bioengineered tissue patches were created and perfused. After 24 h of perfusion, no significant difference in cell viability was observed between the perfused samples and static controls, indicating no adverse effects on cell health. Perfusion also facilitated enhanced spatial organization within tissue patches, reducing the inter-spheroids distance. Furthermore, perfusion strengthened the tissue matrix and reduced the degradation rate of the hydrogel scaffold. Complemented by its ability to provide mobile perfusion and incubation, this novel integrated portable perfusion system holds promise for promoting tissue maturation and advancing tissue bioengineering studies.