# Mothers’ Self-Worth and Children’s Achievements: A Q Methodological Analysis of Perception Types

## TL;DR

This study identifies four types of how mothers perceive their self-worth in relation to their children's achievements, offering insights for tailored support.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel typology of maternal self-worth perceptions using Q methodology.

## Key findings

- Four distinct types of maternal self-worth perception were identified.
- Each type reflects different relationships between self-worth and children's achievements.
- The findings suggest the need for personalized counseling services for mothers.

## Abstract

This study explores mothers’ subjective perceptions of self-worth in relation to their children’s achievements using Q methodology. A Q population was constructed based on previous studies and interviews. Forty Q sample statements were selected. Thirty-three mothers raising children were purposefully sampled to ensure representativeness in the P sample. The Q sorting procedure was conducted, followed by a principal component analysis using the Ken-Q Analysis Desktop Edition. The findings identified four distinct types of maternal self-worth perception: Type 1, Achievement-Independent, perceives self-worth independently from their children’s achievements and accepts their failures without attempting to control them. Type 2, Achievement-Dependent, considers children’s achievements crucial in their own life satisfaction and exhibits a strong tendency to control their children. Type 3, Ambivalent-Fusion, believes that children’s achievements do not directly affect their self-worth but shows an overprotective attitude to prevent their children’s failure. Type 4, Maternal-Obligation, perceives children’s achievements as a validation of their role as a mother and strongly internalizes the expectations and responsibilities associated with motherhood. This study categorizes mothers’ perceptions of self-worth and highlights the need for tailored support. The findings provide foundational data for the development of counseling services aimed at addressing mothers’ self-worth in relation to their children’s achievements.