# Genome-Wide Microsatellite Characterization and Molecular Marker Development of Himalayan Griffon (Gyps himalayensis)

## TL;DR

This study identifies and develops molecular markers for the Himalayan griffon, aiding its conservation.

## Contribution

The first genome-wide microsatellite characterization and polymorphic SSR marker development for Gyps himalayensis.

## Key findings

- 240,741 microsatellites identified in the Himalayan griffon genome with 202.2 SSRs per Mb.
- 17 polymorphic SSR markers developed from 100 primer pairs for genotypic diversity assessment.

## Abstract

The Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis), a near-threatened scavenger in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, lacks genome-wide SSR markers for conservation studies. This research characterized microsatellites in its genome, identifying 240,741 SSRs (202.2 per Mb), with mononucleotide repeats (53.2%) being the most common. Seventeen polymorphic SSR markers were developed from 100 primer pairs, enabling genotypic diversity assessment. These findings provide essential tools for G. himalayensis conservation.

The Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis), an obligate scavenging bird in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, provides significant ecological services but is currently listed as near threatened. Despite their importance for conservation, genome-wide screening for microsatellites (or SSRs) in G. himalayensis and the development of corresponding molecular markers have been lacking. This study presents the first in-depth characterization of genome-wide microsatellites in G. himalayensis and the successful development of polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 240,741 microsatellite loci were detected in the G. himalayensis genome, with an average density of 202.2 SSRs per Mb, accounting for 0.44% of the genome. Mononucleotide repeats (53.2%) were the most prevalent among the different microsatellite motif types. Additionally, 100 primer pairs were initially identified, with 17 found to be polymorphic markers. These loci hold significant potential for revealing genotypic diversity in G. himalayensis, thereby laying a foundation for the conservation of this species.