# Particularidades Clínicas e Ecocardiográficas da Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica em uma População Brasileira e seu Impacto Prognóstico

**Authors:** Georgina Del Cisne Jadán Luzuriaga, Edmundo Arteaga-Fernandez, Viviane Tiemi Hotta, Barbara Ianni, Luciano Nastari, Felix Ramires, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca, Charles Mady, Fábio Fernandes, Juliano Novaes Cardoso, Georgina Del Cisne Jadán Luzuriaga, Edmundo Arteaga-Fernandez, Viviane Tiemi Hotta, Barbara Ianni, Luciano Nastari, Felix Ramires, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca, Charles Mady, Fábio Fernandes, Juliano Novaes Cardoso

PMC · DOI: 10.36660/abc.20240640 · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · 2025-04-17

## TL;DR

This study analyzed clinical and echocardiographic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Brazilian population and identified factors linked to worse outcomes.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the clinical and prognostic characteristics of HCM in a large Brazilian cohort.

## Key findings

- Most patients had LVEF > 50%, asymmetric hypertrophy, and septal predominance.
- BNP > 200 pg/ml, left atrium ≥ 45 mm, and LVEF ≤ 50% were associated with higher mortality.
- Age and atrial fibrillation/flutter were also linked to worse prognosis.

## Abstract

A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) apresenta alterações ecocardiográficas importantes para diagnóstico e prognóstico. Os dados da literatura nacional são escassos.

Avaliar, em uma coorte brasileira de pacientes com CMH, as características clínicas, ecocardiográficas e a evolução da doença.

Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes com CMH e idade ≥ 18 anos. Foram excluídos pacientes com estenose aórtica moderada ou importante e aqueles submetidos à redução septal. O nível de significância adotado na análise estatística foi de 5%.

Foram incluídos 1244 pacientes, entre os anos de 2010 e 2022, com tempo médio de seguimento de 7,7 anos ± 4,5, sendo 53,6% homens. A idade média foi de 54,6 anos ± 16,5, e a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) média foi de 65,8% ± 7,6. A FEVE ≤ 50% foi observada em 5,8% dos pacientes, a forma assimétrica em 88,7% e a hipertrofia septal em 85,4%. Movimento sistólico anterior da valva mitral foi encontrado em 30,1% dos pacientes, obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo em 30,7% e septo ≥ 28 mm em 7,2%. Apenas 1 paciente apresentou aneurisma ventricular. Fibrilação/flutter atrial ocorreu em 9,6% dos pacientes. A mortalidade geral ocorreu em 232 pacientes (1,3%/ano). Pacientes com peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP) > 200 pg/ml, átrio esquerdo ≥ 45 mm e FEVE ≤ 50% apresentaram maior mortalidade (p < 0,001). Além disso, idade e fibrilação/flutter atrial também foram relacionadas com mortalidade.

A maioria dos pacientes apresentava FEVE > 50%, hipertrofia assimétrica e predomínio septal. BNP, diâmetro do AE, FEVE ≤ 50%, idade e fibrilação/flutter atrial foram associados com pior prognóstico.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) presents echocardiographic abnormalities that are important for diagnosis and prognosis. Data are scarce in the Brazilian literature.

To assess clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and disease progression in a Brazilian cohort of patients with HCM.

This retrospective cohort included patients with HCM aged ≥ 18 years. Patients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis and those undergoing septal reduction were excluded. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%.

The study included 1244 patients, between 2010 and 2022, with a mean follow-up time of 7.7 ± 4.5 years; 53.6% of patients were men. Mean age was 54.6 ± 16.5 years, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 65.8% ± 7.6. We observed LVEF ≤ 50% in 5.8% of patients, asymmetric form in 88.7%, and septal hypertrophy in 85.4%. We found systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in 30.1% of patients, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 30.7%, and septum ≥ 28 mm in 7.2%. Only 1 patient had ventricular aneurysm. Atrial fibrillation/flutter occurred in 9.6% of patients. Overall mortality occurred in 232 patients (1.3%/year). Patients with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) > 200 pg/ml, left atrium ≥ 45 mm, and LVEF ≤ 50% had higher mortality (p < 0.001). Age and atrial fibrillation/flutter were also associated with mortality.

The majority of patients had LVEF > 50%, asymmetric hypertrophy, and septal predominance. BNP, LA diameter, LVEF ≤ 50%, age, and atrial fibrillation/flutter were associated with worse prognosis.

## Linked entities

- **Diseases:** hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (MONDO:0005045)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** NPPB (natriuretic peptide B) [NCBI Gene 4879] {aka BNP, Iso-ANP}
- **Diseases:** aortic stenosis (MESH:D001024), Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (MESH:D002312), left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (MESH:D000092242), hypertrophy (MESH:D006984), Atrial fibrillation/flutter (MESH:D001282), HCM (MESH:D000092183), ventricular aneurysm (MESH:D000783)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

8 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12107843/full.md

## References

35 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12107843/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12107843