# Single-Stage Quadruple Valve Replacement with Mechanical and Bioprosthetic Valves: An 8-Year Follow-up Study from India

## TL;DR

A 23-year-old man successfully underwent a complex heart surgery in India and remained healthy for 8 years with no complications.

## Contribution

This is the longest reported follow-up of a quadruple valve replacement in India.

## Key findings

- The patient remained asymptomatic with no valve-related complications for 8 years.
- Cardiac function improved significantly after the surgery.
- Single-stage quadruple valve replacement showed a good long-term outcome.

## Abstract

Congenital heart disease, repaired or unrepaired, requires lifelong follow-up. Carcinoid disease, rheumatic heart disease, and infective endocarditis can damage all four cardiac valves. Multiple valve replacement has a poor outcome.

A 23-year-old male underwent single-stage quadruple valve (mechanical [mitral and aortic] and bioprosthetic [tricuspid and pulmonary]) replacement due to rheumatic carditis and surgical complications. Over 8 years of follow-up, he is asymptomatic, has no prosthetic valve-related complications, and has improved cardiac function.

Single-stage quadruple valve replacement with mechanical and bioprosthetic valves has a good long-term outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest follow-up study from India.