# Genomic profiling of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) isolates from pregnant women in northeastern Mexico: clonal complexes, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance

## TL;DR

This study analyzed GBS bacteria from pregnant women in Mexico to understand their genetic makeup, virulence, and antibiotic resistance.

## Contribution

The study provides genomic insights into GBS isolates from a specific region in Mexico, highlighting clonal diversity and resistance patterns.

## Key findings

- GBS colonization was detected in 2.7% of pregnant women.
- Common sequence types were ST8 and ST88, with high prevalence of virulence and resistance genes.
- Molecular methods confirmed genetic diversity and resistance to tetracyclines and macrolides.

## Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is an important pathogen associated with neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, which can be transmitted from colonized pregnant women to their newborns. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characterize the genomic features of S. agalactiae isolates from pregnant women attending a referral hospital in Northeastern Mexico.

Vaginal-rectal swabs were collected from pregnant women during routine prenatal care between April 2017 and March 2020. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to determine sequence type (ST), clonal complex (CC), capsular polysaccharide (Cps) genotype, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes through comparative genome analysis.

S. agalactiae colonization was detected in 51 (2.7%) of 1,924 pregnant women. The most common STs were ST8 (23.5%) and ST88 (15.7%). Cps genotyping showed high concordance between serological and molecular methods. Genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines (tetM, 60.1%) and macrolides (mreA, 100%) were identified. Key virulence factor genes, including cylE, bca, and scpB, were present in over 90% of the isolates.

Although GBS colonization prevalence was low, genomic analysis revealed the genetic diversity of S. agalactiae in Northeastern Mexico, emphasizing the importance of molecular techniques for epidemiological surveillance and infection control.