# Correlation of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Prostate Volume, and Histology in Ugandan Males

## TL;DR

The study found that higher PSA levels and older age are linked to prostate cancer in Ugandan men, while prostate volume was not a significant predictor.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific PSA thresholds and age as significant predictors of prostate malignancy in a Ugandan population.

## Key findings

- PSA values above 78 ng/mL were predictive of prostate malignancy.
- Age was a significant predictor of prostate cancer histology.
- Prostate volume did not significantly predict malignant histology.

## Abstract

Background

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in African men and is increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a tumor marker for prostate cancer. However, PSA alone does not provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity in assessing prostate malignancy. Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between age, PSA, and prostate malignancy.

Objective

We sought to determine the correlation between age, PSA, prostate volume (PV), and histology.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of male patients at a rural Ugandan hospital who had undergone prostate biopsy. Age, presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), PSA, and PV were recorded. A univariate logistic regression model was used to test the probability of PSA, PV, and age to predict benign or malignant prostate histology. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

PSA and age were shown to be significant predictors of histology. PSA values >78 ng/mL were also shown to be predictive of malignancy. PV was not a significant predictor of malignant prostate histology.

Conclusions

Our analysis demonstrates that increasing age and elevated PSA levels are significant predictors of prostate malignancy. Larger analyses are needed to determine the correlation between age, PSA, PV, and histology.