# Analysis of Risk Factors for Meningeal Metastasis in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma Following Non-surgical Interventions

**Authors:** Yi YUE, Yuqing REN, Jianlong LIN, Chunya LU, Nan JIANG, Yanping SU, Jing LI, Yibo WANG, Sihui WANG, Junkai FU, Mengrui KONG, Guojun ZHANG

PMC · DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2025.101.06 · Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer · 2025-04-20

## TL;DR

This study identifies risk factors for meningeal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma patients who did not undergo surgery.

## Contribution

The study reveals new independent risk factors for meningeal metastasis in non-surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma patients.

## Key findings

- Younger age at LUAD diagnosis is an independent risk factor for meningeal metastasis.
- EGFR L858R mutation and baseline liver metastasis increase MM risk.
- Higher globulin levels and ALK mutations are associated with lower MM risk.

## Abstract

脑膜转移（meningeal metastasis, MM）是一种由肿瘤细胞从原发部位转移至软脑膜、硬脑膜、蛛网膜、蛛网膜下腔及其他脑脊液间隙的恶性肿瘤转移形式。肺癌是MM最常见的恶性肿瘤类型之一。MM不仅表明肺癌已进展至晚期，而且由于脑膜的受累，将会引起一系列严重的临床症状。本研究旨在探究非手术干预的肺腺癌（lung adenocarcinoma, LUAD）患者发生MM的危险因素，以尽可能识别出具有发生MM高危风险的非手术干预的LUAD患者。

本研究回顾性分析2020年1月至2024年7月于郑州大学第一附属医院诊断为LUAD的患者的临床资料，使用多重插补的方法处理缺失数据，通过LASSO、单因素及多因素Logistic回归方法进行危险因素分析。

研究共纳入170例LUAD患者，分为两组，其中出现MM 87例，未出现MM 83例，单因素及多因素Logistic回归结果显示确诊LUAD时的年龄（P=0.004）、携带表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）基因21外显子L858R突变（P=0.008）、基线时合并肝转移（P=0.004）是非手术干预的LUAD患者发生MM的独立危险因素，而基线时具有较高的球蛋白（globulin, GLB）水平（P=0.039）以及携带间变性淋巴瘤激酶（anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK）基因突变（P=0.040）的患者罹患MM的风险较小。

确诊LUAD时的年龄、EGFR L858R和ALK基因的突变状态、基线合并肝转移和基线GLB水平与晚期LUAD患者罹患MM的风险密切相关，临床上对于确诊LUAD时年龄较小、携带EGFR L858R基因突变、基线时合并肝转移的非手术干预的LUAD应尽早实施MM的三级预防措施，并定期监测患者的MM状态。

Deficiency of critical variables in 170 patients with LUAD

Balance test results before and after multiple imputation in 170 patients with LUAD

Baseline data of 170 patients with LUAD

Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression results of 170 LUAD patients

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [NCBI Gene 1956], ALK (ALK receptor tyrosine kinase) [NCBI Gene 238]
- **Diseases:** lung adenocarcinoma (MONDO:0005061), meningeal metastasis (MONDO:0700219)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [NCBI Gene 1956] {aka ERBB, ERBB1, ERRP, HER1, NISBD2, NNCIS}, ALK (ALK receptor tyrosine kinase) [NCBI Gene 238] {aka ALK1, CD246, NBLST3}
- **Diseases:** Lung cancer (MESH:D008175), tumor (MESH:D009369), LUAD (MESH:D000077192), MM (MESH:D009362)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]
- **Mutations:** L858R

## Full text

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## Figures

5 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12096092/full.md

## References

25 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12096092/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12096092