# The spatial distribution of a hummingbird‐pollinated plant is not strongly influenced by hummingbird abundance

## TL;DR

This study finds that the spatial distribution of a hummingbird-pollinated plant is not strongly influenced by local hummingbird abundance.

## Contribution

The study challenges the assumption that pollinator abundance directly controls the distribution of specialized plant species.

## Key findings

- MaxEnt modeling showed that hummingbird abundance is not a key driver of the plant's distribution.
- Lobelia cardinalis tends to flower near the peak local hummingbird abundance, but abundance alone does not strongly influence its spatial distribution.
- Habitat suitability was low both where hummingbirds were absent and where they were most abundant.

## Abstract

Many angiosperms have evolved specialized systems that promote pollination by specific taxa. Therefore, plant distributions may be limited by the local abundance of their specialist pollinators. In eastern North America, Lobelia cardinalis is thought to be pollinated solely by Archilochus colubris, the only hummingbird species found in the region. Here we tested the hypothesis that the distribution of a plant species with specialized pollination is controlled by the range and abundance of its specialist pollinator.

We investigated the importance of A. colubris abundance, sourced from eBird, as a variable in a MaxEnt species distribution model of L. cardinalis using presence data from iNaturalist. We also compared hummingbird abundance between locations of L. cardinalis and congeneric during their respective flowering periods and explored whether the flowering periods of L. cardinalis and congenerics align with the week of peak local hummingbird abundance.

Unexpectedly, MaxEnt modelling did not suggest that A. colubris abundance is a key driver of the species distribution. Lobelia cardinalis habitat suitability was lowest in the absence of A. colubris and increased with increasing abundance, but habitat suitability was also low in regions where hummingbird abundance is highest. Still, hummingbird abundance at L. cardinalis locations was generally higher than most congenerics, and L. cardinalis tended to flower near the week of local peak A. colubris abundance.

While populations of hummingbird‐pollinated plant species may require the local presence of hummingbirds, fine‐scale variation in hummingbird abundance may not strongly influence their spatial distributions.