Proteolytic degradation of Beta-Ig H3 (βigH3/TGFBI) can be quantified non-invasively in serum and predicts prognosis in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

TL;DR

This study shows that a specific fragment of the Beta-Ig H3 protein in blood can predict survival in advanced pancreatic cancer patients.

Contribution

A non-invasive ELISA was developed to measure a cleaved fragment of Beta-Ig H3 as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer.

Findings

Higher levels of cβigH3 were linked to longer survival in advanced pancreatic cancer patients.

The cβigH3 biomarker was specifically generated from proteolytic degradation of fibroblast matrices.

The biomarker was detectable across 11 cancer types and independent of other known prognostic factors.

Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Beta-Ig H3 (βigH3, also known as transforming growth factor β induced protein (TGFBI)) is related to poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Proteolytic cleavage of βigH3 has been shown to result in release of the N-terminal fragment covering amino acid 1 to 137, but whether the degradation of βigH3 is associated to prognosis has yet to be determined. In this study we developed an ELISA targeting a collagenase generated fragment of βigH3 (cβigH3) in human serum to use the fragment as a biomarker reflecting degradation of βigH3. We demonstrated that the assay was specific to the cleaved fragment (cβigH3) and confirmed the generation of cβigH3 from degradation of fibroblast generated matrices. Moreover, higher levels of cβigH3 were released upon degradation of matrices produced by TGF-β stimulated pancreatic fibroblast compared to matrices produced by pancreatic fibroblast without TGF-β stimulation, indicating an association of the biomarker with degradation of fibrotic matrix. To evaluate the clinical relevance, we first measured cβigH3 in a cohort of 220 patients with different types of cancer with detectable levels for all 11 cancer types. We then measured the cβigH3 biomarker in pre-treatment serum from a cohort of 469 patients with locally advanced or metastatic PDAC and found that high levels of cβigH3 were associated with longer overall survival independently of age, disease stage, performance status, carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19-9), and the tumor fibrosis biomarker PRO-C3 as compared to patients with high levels of cβigH3 (HR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.0.61–0.98, p = 0.04). In conclusion, cβigH3 reflects proteolytic degradation of βigH3 and shows potential as an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with advanced PDAC.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-025-14283-w.

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