# Fluoride exposure among children with different blood groups at Kolar district, Karnataka, India

## TL;DR

The study examines how different blood groups affect fluoride levels in children's urine in Kolar district, India, finding that blood group B may be more susceptible to fluorosis.

## Contribution

It identifies a potential association between blood group and susceptibility to fluorosis based on urinary fluoride levels.

## Key findings

- Blood group B subjects had higher urinary fluoride levels (mean = 1.11) compared to others.
- Subjects with negative blood groups had the lowest urinary fluoride levels (mean = 0.30).
- The study suggests a need for larger population studies to validate these findings.

## Abstract

Fluoride is present naturally in water at < 1.5 ppm and it is considered to be essential for dental and bone enamel mineralization
forming fluorapatite. Chronic exposure (> 2ppm) is considered to be toxic and it leads to fluorosis. Fluoride in minor quantities is
excreted through sweat, saliva and feaces. Kidneys are the major route of excretion of fluoride and are thus it is the primary organ to
be affected. Therefore, it is of interest to assess urinary fluoride among school children with different blood groups at Kolar district,
Karnataka, India. Study was conducted in 155 subjects, aged 16-17 years. Data shows that blood group B has high risk of effecting by
fluorosis (mean value of urine fluoride = 1.11). However, subjects with negative blood groups are least affected by fluorosis (mean
value of urine fluoride =0.30). However, a larger population study is required for validation.