# [Retracted] Metformin mitigates PLCε gene expression and modulates the Notch1/Hes and androgen receptor signaling pathways in castration-resistant prostate cancer xenograft models

**Authors:** Qi Li, Ke Xu, Jianguo Tian, Zhicheng Lu, Jianming Pu

PMC · DOI: 10.3892/ol.2025.15082 · 2025-05-12

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** NOTCH1 (notch receptor 1) [NCBI Gene 4851] {aka AOS5, AOVD1, TAN1, hN1}, AR (androgen receptor) [NCBI Gene 367] {aka AIS, AR8, DHTR, HPCX3, HUMARA, HYSP1}
- **Diseases:** prostate cancer (MESH:D011471), PLC (MESH:C537875)
- **Chemicals:** Metformin (MESH:D008687)

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12093084