# Sarcoidosis Mimicking Malignancy: An Elderly Male With Hypercalcemia and Systemic Symptoms

**Authors:** Hadiza Ibrahim, Adil Jumani, Thamer Samha, Luaie Idris

PMC · DOI: 10.7759/cureus.82649 · 2025-04-20

## TL;DR

An elderly man with hypercalcemia and systemic symptoms was diagnosed with sarcoidosis, not cancer, highlighting the need to consider this condition in similar cases.

## Contribution

The case emphasizes sarcoidosis as a potential cause of hypercalcemia and systemic symptoms in elderly patients.

## Key findings

- A lymph node biopsy revealed non-caseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis.
- Elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme levels supported the sarcoidosis diagnosis.
- The case underscores the importance of considering sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia.

## Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that can present with various systemic symptoms and laboratory abnormalities, including hypercalcemia. This case report describes a 74-year-old male who presented with hypercalcemia, weight loss, fatigue, and low-grade fevers, initially raising concern for malignancy. A lymph node biopsy revealed non-caseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels further supported the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia and systemic symptoms, especially in elderly patients with complex medical histories.

## Linked entities

- **Diseases:** sarcoidosis (MONDO:0008399), malignancy (MONDO:0004992)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** ACE (angiotensin I converting enzyme) [NCBI Gene 1636] {aka ACE1, CD143, DCP, DCP1}
- **Diseases:** fatigue (MESH:D005221), Hypercalcemia (MESH:D006934), Sarcoidosis (MESH:D012507), fevers (MESH:D005334), weight loss (MESH:D015431), Malignancy (MESH:D009369), granulomatous disease (MESH:D006105)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Figures

6 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12092207/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12092207