A Large‐Scale Retrospective Study of Serum Des‐Gamma‐Carboxy Prothrombin as a Diagnostic Marker of HCC: Effect of Liver Function on Specificity

TL;DR

This study evaluates serum DCP as a biomarker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma, finding that its accuracy is affected by liver function.

Contribution

The study provides new insights into how liver function impacts the diagnostic specificity of serum DCP for HCC.

Findings

Serum DCP concentration is significantly higher in HCC compared to other liver diseases.

Diagnostic specificity of DCP is influenced by liver function, leading to potential false positives.

DCP levels decrease after surgical removal of HCC but remain unchanged in systemic treatment.

Abstract

This retrospective multicenter study is aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy and influence factors of serum des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) as a diagnostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Clinical data were collected from 4555 subjects with DCP tests, composed of primary liver cancer (PLC), metastatic liver cancer (MLC), chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), benign liver diseases (BLD), biliary tract diseases (BTD), non‐liver cancers (NLC), and non‐liver benign diseases (NLBD). The clinical data collected included medical history, treatment records, various serum tests, and imaging examination.

Serum DCP was measured with Abbott agents in each center. In HCC, serum DCP concentration was at 9086.00 ± 366.10 mAU/mL, higher than that in other diseases (p < 0.05). At 40.00 mAU/mL recommended by instruction, positive rates of serum DCP were at 85.11% in HCC, 30.12% in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC), 31.65% in MLC, 13.95% in BLD, 18.14% in CH, 27.87% in LC, 15.75% in BTD, 35.29% in NLC, and 20.00% in NLBD. In this study, the diagnostic specificity of serum DCP in HCC was affected by liver function. In HCC, serum AFP concentrations also increased compared to non‐HCC diseases (p < 0.05), but specificity varied with agents from different providers. Serum DCP decreased after the surgical removal of HCC, but remained elusive in systemic treatment.

Serum DCP may serve as an optimal biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC, but its accuracy appears influenced by liver function; attention needs to be paid to the liver function of patients for false positivity.

Serum DCP may serve as an optimal biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC, but its accuracy appears to be influenced by liver function. The serum DCP may also serve as a biomarker for liver resection and interventional therapy of HCC, but is not promising for systemic treatment.

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