# Prevalence of vertebral fractures at death

## TL;DR

This study found that over two-thirds of Japanese individuals who died had vertebral fractures, with higher rates in women and more severe fractures in certain spine regions.

## Contribution

The study provides the first detailed assessment of vertebral fracture prevalence at death in the Japanese population using autopsy imaging.

## Key findings

- The overall prevalence of vertebral fractures was 69.6%, with higher rates in women (81.4%) compared to men (58.5%).
- Lumbar spine 1 (L1) was the most common fracture site, followed by thoracic spine 12 (T12).
- Grade 3 fractures were more common in women and associated with a history of femoral neck fracture surgery.

## Abstract

Despite many studies on the prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs), the VF prevalence at death in the Japanese population remains unclear.

We evaluated the VF prevalence at death in a Japanese cohort using autopsy imaging computed tomography (AiCT). We enrolled 365 cadavers (188 men, 177 women, mean age of 84.6 years) donated for anatomical dissection at Shimane University School of Medicine. The VFs were diagnosed using the semiquantitative technique of Genant from the first cervical vertebra to the fifth lumbar vertebra.

The overall VF prevalence was 69.6% (58.5%/81.4% in men/women), of which 46.0% (29.8%/63.3% in men/women) had thoracic VFs, and 58.1% (50.5%/66.1% in men/women) had lumbar VFs. The most frequent fracture site was lumbar spine 1 (L1) with 31.5% (22.9%/40.7% in men/women), followed by thoracic spine 12 (T12) with 31.0% (20.7%/41.8% in men/women). In terms of severity, 3.8% (4.8%/2.8% in men/women), 23.8% (27.1%/20.3% in men/women), and 41.9% (26.6%/58.2% in men/women) were Grades 1, 2, and 3. The VFs from T3 to L5 and of Grade 3 severity were significantly higher in women. VF and Grade 3 fractures were associated with a history of surgical intervention for femoral neck fractures. VFs were not associated with the following underlying causes of death: cancer, heart disease, senile death, cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia, and aspiration pneumonia.

The VF prevalence at death, assessed by AiCT in cadavers donated for anatomical dissection, was higher in both men and women compared with previous studies conducted on individuals aged ≥ 80 years in Japan.