Comparison of efficacy and adverse effects of CD19/20 CART versus CD19 single-target CART in R/R DLBCL: a single-center retrospective study

TL;DR

This study compares the effectiveness and side effects of dual-target versus single-target CAR T-cell therapy in treating a type of aggressive blood cancer.

Contribution

The study provides new clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of dual-target CD19/20 CAR T-cell therapy compared to single-target CD19 therapy in R/R DLBCL.

Findings

Dual-target CD19/20 CAR T-cell therapy showed significantly higher complete response rates and longer median survival compared to single-target CD19 therapy.

The dual-target therapy was associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects like cytokine release syndrome and infections.

There was no significant difference in overall progression-free survival or duration of response between the two therapies.

Abstract

CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy (CART) represents a groundbreaking approach in the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL). However, a subset of patients fails to achieve optimal outcomes with CD19-targeted CAR T-cells alone. To address these limitations, the development of multi-targeted CART therapies has become a focal point of innovative research. This study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy and adverse events of dual-target versus single-target CART therapies in R/R DLBCL patients through a single-center retrospective analysis.

We included 70 patients with R/R DLBCL treated at Shanghai Tongji Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. Among them, 20 patients received dual-target (CD19/20) CART, while 50 underwent CD19 CART.

The CD19/20 CART group demonstrated significantly superior three-month efficacy to the CD19 CAR T-cell group, with a notably higher complete response (CR) rate. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 28.6 and 31.8 months longer in the Bi-CART group compared to the CD19 CAR T-cell group. However, the two groups had no significant differences in overall PFS, duration of response (DOR), or OS. The CD19/20 CART group exhibited a higher incidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), hematological toxicity, infections, and secondary primary tumors.

This study highlights the superior efficacy of dual-target CAR T-cell therapy in managing R/R DLBCL patients. The dual-target therapy significantly extended median survival compared to CD19 single-target CAR T-cell therapy. However, the enhanced therapeutic benefits were accompanied by a higher incidence of adverse effects.

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