# Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma in a child with urinary incontinence as the initial symptom: A case report and literature review

## TL;DR

A child presented with urinary incontinence, which was later diagnosed as genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare pediatric cancer.

## Contribution

Highlights a rare presentation of GU rhabdomyosarcoma with urinary incontinence as the initial symptom.

## Key findings

- Urinary incontinence can be an atypical initial symptom of genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma in children.
- Imaging and biopsy are essential for accurate diagnosis when incontinence is unresponsive to standard treatments.
- This case emphasizes the need for clinicians to consider RMS in the differential diagnosis of persistent urinary symptoms.

## Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a morphologically heterogeneous high-grade malignancy that occurs uncommonly in the pediatric genitourinary (GU) system, and the most typical clinical symptoms are urinary frequency, urgency, hematuria, and associated with infection. The boys in this case, persistent urinary incontinence was relatively rare, and it was easily misdiagnosed as pediatric urinary incontinence in clinical diagnosis. Incontinence disease and lower urinary tract symptoms were identified by imaging examination, and final pathological biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pediatric GU embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). Learning through case report and literature can help clinicians to better understand the manifestations and accurate diagnostic treatment of the disease.