# Development of personal air pollution exposure report-back materials to Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial participants in Guatemala and Rwanda: a qualitative study

## TL;DR

This study developed and tested ways to share personal air pollution exposure results with participants in low-income countries, using community feedback to create clear and actionable materials.

## Contribution

The first study to report back personal household air pollution exposure results in low-income countries using community-engaged methods.

## Key findings

- Community feedback was used to create posters showing personal air pollution exposure data.
- Participants were engaged through multiple methods to ensure materials were contextually appropriate and comprehensible.
- The approach included information on health effects and actions to reduce household air pollution exposure.

## Abstract

Report-back of individual exposure information to research participants is recognised in high-income countries as an important, yet often overlooked, component of environmental research, with many potential benefits to study communities. Nonetheless, the optimal means of communicating findings to participants in low-income countries with limited health and scientific literacy is unknown.

Between March 2021 and May 2022, we conducted a qualitative study with 61 women and 20 of their household members (n=81) participating in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial in Guatemala and Rwanda. Using participant observations and individual interviews (n=61), group interviews (n=21), dynamic working groups (n=78) and focus groups (n=45), we collaborated with study participants to iteratively develop contextually appropriate and comprehensible materials that conveyed individual air pollution exposures.

Posters were generated to display graphical representations of participants’ personal air pollution exposures, along with the known health effects of air pollution exposure and actions that could be taken to reduce their exposures to household air pollution.

This is the first study to report back personal household air pollution exposure results to study participants in two low-income countries where people rely on biomass fuel (eg, wood, crop waste, dung) for cooking. We used community-engaged methods to co-produce locally and contextually specific materials.

NCT02944682.