# Diagnosis of brain death in wistar rats at different levels of death induction

**Authors:** Nayara Maria Gil Mazzante, Fernanda Zuliani, Rogerio Antonio de Oliveira, Júlia Soares Bodaneze, Giovanna Farina Panebianco, Natália Freitas de Souza, Fernando Carmona Dinau, Paola Alejandra Montenegro Cuellar, Nadia Yumi Yamamo dos Santos, Ana Beatriz de Souza da Silva, Fernanda de Freitas Alves Vieira, Natália Camargo Faraldo, Gabriela Abreu Botelho, Fernanda Barthelson Carvalho de Moura, Noeme Sousa Rocha, Mario Abbud-Filho, Ludmila Marzochi, Fernanda Barthelson Carvalho de Moura, Chiara Lazzeri, Fernanda Barthelson Carvalho de Moura

PMC · DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.157233.1 · F1000Research · 2024-12-06

## TL;DR

This study examines blood parameters in Wistar rats to improve the diagnosis of brain death and reduce early misdiagnoses.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific hematologic, biochemical, and gasometric changes associated with brain death in rats.

## Key findings

- Significant differences were found in segmented cells, monocytes, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, potassium, and bicarbonate levels across groups.
- Brain death elicited unique physiological responses in individual rats, complicating accurate diagnosis.
- Timing of brain death induction influenced the observed blood parameter changes.

## Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate hematologic, biochemical, and gasometric parameters in Wistar rats to better understand brain death parameters and reduce early misdiagnoses.

Fifteen adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvergicus; HanUnib: WH) were randomly distributed into three groups of five animals: the control group (G0) with evaluation performed before brain death, and two groups (G1 and G2) with brain death induced at different times: immediately after induction (G1) and one hour after induction (G2). Venous and arterial blood samples were taken to perform complete blood count, biochemical, and blood gas assays. Samples were taken at specific times based on the group each rat belonged to.

Statistically significant mean values were observed (P<0,05) for segmented cells (G1>G2 and G0>G2), monocytes (G2>G1 and G0>G1), creatinine (G2>G0), aspartate aminotransferase (G1>G0), potassium (G2>G0), and bicarbonate (G0>G1).

Furthermore, brain death showed a unique response in each organism, complicating its precise determination even more.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** Got2 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2) [NCBI Gene 25721] {aka ASPATA, mAAT}, IL1B (interleukin 1 beta) [NCBI Gene 3553] {aka IL-1, IL1-BETA, IL1F2, IL1beta}, Alb (albumin) [NCBI Gene 24186] {aka Alb1, Albza}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, Ggt1 (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1) [NCBI Gene 116568] {aka GGLUT, Ggt, Ggtp}, Tymp (thymidine phosphorylase) [NCBI Gene 315219] {aka Ecgf1, TP}, Pdlim3 (PDZ and LIM domain 3) [NCBI Gene 114108] {aka Actn2lp, Alp}
- **Diseases:** polycythemia (MESH:D011086), leukocytosis (MESH:D007964), diabetes insipidus (MESH:D003919), hypothermia (MESH:D007035), coma (MESH:D003128), ischemic reperfusion injury (MESH:D015428), burns (MESH:D002056), renal function failure (MESH:D051437), hypomagnesemia (OMIM:613882), hypophosphatemia (MESH:D017674), coagulation disorders (MESH:D001778), anemia (MESH:D000740), fatigue (MESH:D005221), edema (MESH:D004487), hypokalemia (MESH:D007008), ALI (MESH:D055371), hypoxemia (MESH:D000860), respiratory acidosis (MESH:D000142), hypotension (MESH:D007022), alveolar hemorrhage (MESH:D006470), hypoproteinemia (MESH:D007019), acute renal failure (MESH:D058186), electrolyte disorders (MESH:D014883), leukopenia (MESH:D007970), rhabdomyolysis (MESH:D012206), lung injury (MESH:D055370), thrombocytopenia (MESH:D013921), apnea (MESH:D001049), arrhythmia (MESH:D001145), metabolic acidosis (MESH:D000138), unresponsiveness (MESH:C567934), lung lesions (MESH:D008171), trauma (MESH:D014947), polyuria (MESH:D011141), loss of brain function (MESH:D001927), ischemic brain (MESH:D020520), Inflammatory (MESH:D007249), respiratory failure (MESH:D012131), bone marrow dysfunction (MESH:D001855), death (MESH:D003643), Stroke (MESH:D020521), BD (MESH:D001926), Hypernatremia (MESH:D006955), metabolic disorders (MESH:D008659), pain (MESH:D010146), ARDS (MESH:D012128), cardiac arrest (MESH:D006323), hypocalcemia (MESH:D006996), hemorrhagic shock (MESH:D012771), hyperoxia (MESH:D018496), hyperkalemia (MESH:D006947), DIC (MESH:D004211)
- **Chemicals:** Chlorine (MESH:D002713), dopamine (MESH:D004298), Lactate (MESH:D019344), sodium chloride (MESH:D012965), Abbud-Filho (-), carbon dioxide (MESH:D002245), sO 2 (MESH:D013458), P (MESH:D010758), oxygen (MESH:D010100), Urea (MESH:D014508), Na + (MESH:D012964), EDTA (MESH:D004492), thromboxanes (MESH:D013931), Ca + (MESH:D002118), potassium chloride (MESH:D011189), water (MESH:D014867), pO 2 (MESH:C093415), pO (MESH:D011059), PVC (MESH:D011143), catecholamine (MESH:D002395), chloride (MESH:D002712), alcohol (MESH:D000438), isoflurane (MESH:D007530), hydrogen (MESH:D006859), Bicarbonate (MESH:D001639), Cr (MESH:D003404), K + (MESH:D011188)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Equus caballus (domestic horse, species) [taxon 9796]
- **Mutations:** A 24G

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

32 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12082075/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12082075