# dCas9-SPO11-1 locally stimulates meiotic recombination in rice

## TL;DR

This study shows that a dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion can boost meiotic recombination in rice, potentially improving plant breeding.

## Contribution

A dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion with gRNAs is shown to locally increase meiotic recombination in rice.

## Key findings

- Recombinant pollen increased 3.27-fold in transgenic rice line 7a.
- A 2.05-fold increase was observed in a 7.2 kb central interval of chromosome 7.
- Stimulation was absent in transgenic lines lacking gRNAs or targeting chromosome 9.

## Abstract

Meiotic crossovers shuffle the genetic information transmitted by the gametes. However, the potential to recover all the combinations of the parental alleles remains limited in most organisms, including plants, by the occurrence of only few crossovers per chromosome and a prominent bias in their spatial distribution. Thus, novel methods for stimulating recombination frequencies and/or modifying their location are highly desired to accelerate plant breeding.

Here, we investigate the use of a dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion and clusters of 11 gRNAs to alter meiotic recombination in two chromosomal regions of a rice hybrid (KalingaIII/Kitaake). To accurately genotype rare recombinants in regions of few kbp, we improved the digital PCR-based pollen-typing method in parallel.

Expression of the dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion protein under the ubiquitous ZmUbi1 promoter was obtained in leaves/anthers/meiocytes and found to complement the sterility of the Osspo11-1 mutant line. We observed a 3.27-fold increase over wild-type (p<0.001) of recombinant pollens in a transgenic hybrid line (7a) targeting a chromosome 7 region. In the offspring plant 7a1, a significant 2.05-fold increase (p=0.048) was observed in the central interval (7.2 kb) of the Chr. 7 target region. This stimulation of meiotic recombination is consistent with the expression of the dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion and gRNAs as well as with the ChIP-revealed binding of dCas9-SPO11-1 to the targeted region. In contrast, no stimulation was observed in other transgenic lines deficient in the above pre-requisite features, expressing the dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion but no gRNAs or targeting a Chr.9 region.

These results open new avenues to locally stimulate meiotic recombination in crop genomes and paves the way for a future implementation in plant breeding programs.