# Intimate partner sexual violence and early resumption of sexual intercourse among married postpartum women in Ethiopia: a survival analysis using Performance Monitoring for Action data

## TL;DR

This study in Ethiopia found that many married postpartum women resume sexual intercourse before the recommended recovery period, with intimate partner violence being a major predictor.

## Contribution

The study identifies intimate partner sexual violence as a significant predictor of early postpartum sexual resumption in Ethiopia using survival analysis.

## Key findings

- 29% of women resumed sexual intercourse before 42 days postpartum.
- Women experiencing intimate partner violence had 5.56 times higher hazard of early resumption.
- The median time to resumption was 8 weeks (57 days).

## Abstract

Many women worldwide resume sexual intercourse soon after childbirth, often before the recommended six-week recovery period. Early postpartum intercourse poses health risks, including infections and delayed healing. This study aims to assess the timing of resuming sexual intercourse and its predictors among postpartum women in Ethiopia using PMA data.

The data was from the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) project, a cross-sectional design followed by cohort follow-up, employed to analyze the sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics of women aged 15–49. Pregnant women and those up to nine weeks postpartum at baseline were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazard model were used for analysis using R 4.4.1 software. Proportional hazard assumption was assessed using graphical and statistical tests. The model fitness was checked using martingale residual plot.

The study found that 29% of participants resumed sexual intercourse before the recommended 42 days postpartum, while 91% resumed by 68 days. The median survival time was 8 weeks (57 days). The hazard of early sexual resumption was 5.56 times higher among women who experienced intimate partner violence compared to those who did not.

Early sexual resumption among postpartum women in Ethiopia was high. Intimate Partner violence was a significant predictor of early sexual resumption. It is better to promote IPV prevention and postpartum couple counseling to support safe and consensual sexual resumption.