# Urbanisation and Lockdown Impact on Airborne Fungal Communities in Tropical Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Urban and Peri‐Urban Environments

## TL;DR

This study explores how urbanization and lockdowns affect airborne fungi in tropical areas, showing how these fungi spread and impact health.

## Contribution

The study introduces a Bayesian neural network to predict fungal bioaerosol concentrations with 76.87% accuracy.

## Key findings

- Environmental and human-related factors significantly influence fungal bioaerosol distribution in tropical urban areas.
- Fungal bioaerosols show potential as bioindicators for environmental monitoring and public health assessments.
- Aerodynamic size differences of fungal particles affect their distribution and respiratory system impact.

## Abstract

This study assessed the concentration, composition, and spatiotemporal distribution of airborne fungi in a metropolitan area, comparing urban and peri‐urban sites across rainy and dry seasons. An 8‐month fungal bioaerosol monitoring was conducted using a six‐stage Andersen cascade impactor. Data analysis involved generalised linear regression models and multifactorial ANOVA to assess the relationships between meteorological conditions, sampling sites, campaigns, fungal concentrations, and impactor stages. Additionally, a Bayesian neural network was developed to predict bioaerosol dynamics based on the analysed variables. We identified 10 viable fungal species, including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans
, Aspergillus

. fumigatus
, Aspergillus terreus
, Aspergillus flavus
, Aspergillus versicolor
, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium oxysporum. Notable differences in the aerodynamic sizes of fungal particles influenced their distribution and potential impact on the respiratory system. The Bayesian neural network successfully predicted fungal bioaerosol concentrations with an accuracy of 76.87%. Our findings reveal the significant role of environmental and human‐related factors in shaping bioaerosol distribution in tropical urban contexts. This research provides essential insights into the behaviour of fungal bioaerosols, highlighting their relevance for public health, especially for immunocompromised populations, and their impact on local agriculture. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential of fungal bioaerosols as bioindicators for environmental monitoring and predictive modelling.

This study assessed the distribution of fungal bioaerosols in tropical urban and peri‐urban environments. Using a six‐stage Andersen cascade impactor and a Bayesian neural network, fungal concentrations were predicted with an accuracy of 76.87%. It highlights the role of environmental factorsin fungal dispersion, associated respiratory risks, and bioaerosols as environmental indicators, emphasising their importance for public health and regulating atmospheric biocontamination in these regions.