# Transmission Raman Spectroscopy for Inner Layers Chemical Analysis of Fresh Produce

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new non-destructive method using transmission Raman spectroscopy to analyze the inner chemical layers of fresh produce.

## Contribution

The study provides an optimal design for transmission Raman spectroscopy tailored for agricultural produce analysis.

## Key findings

- Optimal spectral window for apple tissues is 700–950 nm with 40–700 mW LASER power.
- Optimal wavelength separation for Raman difference spectroscopy is 0.7 nm.
- A complete optical system design with exact parameters is proposed for agricultural use.

## Abstract

What are the main findings?

Optimal design aspects and optical parameters for Inner Layers Chemical Analysis of Fresh Produce with transmission Raman spectroscopy

Optimal design aspects and optical parameters for Inner Layers Chemical Analysis of Fresh Produce with transmission Raman spectroscopy

What is the implication of the main finding?

Non-destructive chemical analysis of fresh produce inner layers;Technology for detecting internal properties and problems in agricultural produce.

Non-destructive chemical analysis of fresh produce inner layers;

Technology for detecting internal properties and problems in agricultural produce.

Identification of chemical properties in the inner tissues of fresh produce would enable us to identify major issues plaguing the agriculture supply chain, like off-flavors and core rot since these are caused by or accompanied by known chemical elements. We show the development of transmission Raman spectroscopy system for identifying these elements by addressing several issues: we located an optimal spectral window by conducting optical attenuation measurements and calculated the required LASER power in that range. For apple tissues, this optical window was found in the 700–950 nm range, and the required LASER power range was calculated to be in the 40–700 mW range. We also calculated that the optimal shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy wavelengths should be separated by 0.7 nm in order to optimally produce narrow and high-intensity Raman peak features and eliminate the competing fluorescence signal. Finally, we provide a complete optical system design with exact optimal parameters. In contrast to other fields like pharmaceuticals and medicine, transmission Raman spectroscopy has not been applied extensively in agriculture. Therefore, this study fills a gap in that field’s applicability.