# Engineering Photoluminescence of Lanthanide Doped Yttrium-MOF-76 for Volatile Organic Compound Sensing

## TL;DR

This paper explores how lanthanide-doped metal-organic frameworks can detect volatile organic compounds through changes in their photoluminescence.

## Contribution

The study introduces a Eu/Tb co-doped MOF with tunable photoluminescence for VOC sensing and establishes a structure–property relationship.

## Key findings

- Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped MOF-76 samples show strong 4f-4f transitions under UV excitation.
- The Eu/Tb co-doped MOF exhibits quenching or enhancement of emission in response to volatile organic compounds.
- DFT calculations reveal energy transfer processes between the MOF and VOCs.

## Abstract

A set of three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks, named MOF-76, belonging to the tetragonal P4322 space group, based on [Y(BTC)(H2O)](DMF)1.1 (1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) doped with Eu3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+/Tb3+ were obtained under solvothermal conditions and fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal, and vibrational analyses. In addition, upon UV light excitation (280 nm), all the powdered samples exhibited fine 4f-4f transitions, of which the 5D0 → 7F2 (Eu3+) and 5D4 → 7F5 (Tb3+) were the most intense ones. All samples were photophysically analyzed by determining the luminescence lifetimes, and their emission colors were quantified by calculating their chromaticities and color purities. Moreover, the intrinsic quantum yield, radiative, and non-radiative constants were calculated and compared to establish a structure–property relationship. Specifically, the Eu/Tb co-doped sample was employed to monitor its hypersensitive emissions in the presence of small volatile organic compounds (VOCs), showing quenching or enhancement of emission in protic and non-protic solvents. Furthermore, DFT calculations were carried out to understand the energy transfer processes between the sensor and the respective analytes. These results are promising for the development of solid-state lighting devices and colorimetric chemical sensors for specific compounds.