# Spark Plasma Sintering of Pristine and Transition Metal-Doped Ti2AlC MAX Phases

## TL;DR

This paper explores how to synthesize MAX-phase ceramics using spark plasma sintering and how transition metal doping affects the material's structure and yield.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific transition metals that can be incorporated into Ti2AlC MAX phases with high yield using optimized sintering conditions.

## Key findings

- Transition metals Ta, Hf, W, and Y can be incorporated into Ti2AlC lattice with >90% yield.
- Mo and Mn form separate phases rather than integrating into the Ti2AlC lattice.
- Optimized sintering parameters enable high-yield synthesis of pristine and doped Ti2AlC MAX phases.

## Abstract

We study the synthesis of Ti2AlC MAX-phase ceramics via spark plasma sintering (SPS), focusing on the effects of temperature, precursor composition, and transition metal doping (Mo, Ta, Hf, W, Y, and Mn). Optimized sintering parameters were established, defining the precursor ratios necessary for the formation of Ti2AlC with >90% yield. Structural and compositional analyses revealed that select transition metals—Ta, Hf, W, and Y—could be incorporated into the Ti2AlC lattice, which resulted in >90% yield for each transition metal-doped MAX phase. In contrast, Mo and Mn predominantly formed separate phases. These findings provide insights into the controlled synthesis of MAX-phase materials with tunable properties for high-performance applications.