# An Innovative Tube Hydro-Joining Process Combining Piercing, Hole Flanging and Nut Inlaying

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new tube hydro-joining method that combines piercing, hole flanging, and nut inlaying to improve strength and reduce waste.

## Contribution

The novel punch-shaped nut design achieves no scrap, no oil leakage, and increased flange length for stronger clamping force.

## Key findings

- A tapered punch-shaped nut improves elasto-binding strength and pull out load in hydro-joined aluminum tubes.
- Finite element analysis validated the effects of various parameters on formability and pull out load.
- Experiments confirmed the simulation results and effectiveness of the new hydro-joining process.

## Abstract

This paper proposes a novel tube hydro-joining process, which combines piercing, hole flanging, and nut inlaying. The nut punch shape design proposed by this paper can deliver three advantages of no scrap, no oil leakage, and longer flange length, which can achieve stronger clamping force and accordingly increase the pull out load. First, we use the finite element analysis to investigate the elasto-plastic deformation of the aluminum alloy A6063 tube during the hydro-joining process. A punch-shaped nut with a tapered locking part is designed to increase the elasto-binding strength of the pierced tube and the pull out load of the inlayed nut. The effects of hydro-joining loading paths on the formability of the A6063 tubes and punch-shaped nuts are examined. Additionally, the effects of fit zone size, nut punch stroke length, internal pressure, nut diameter, and the die hole diameter on the pull out load and twisting torque are explored. Finally, experiments on hydro-joining of A6063 tubes are conducted to validate the finite element modeling and the simulation results.