# The 2SP Site Mutation in the Bovine Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage 1 Promoter Exhibits Antituberculosis Potential

## TL;DR

Researchers found a mutation in a cattle gene that boosts resistance to tuberculosis without using synthetic DNA or markers.

## Contribution

A novel endogenous mutation site (2SP) in the bovine NRAMP1 promoter is identified to enhance TB resistance.

## Key findings

- The 2SP mutation increased NRAMP1 promoter activity by 2.3-fold after TB infection.
- Edited THP-1 cells showed inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferation without altering baseline gene expression.
- The mutation does not require synthetic sequences or selection markers for effectiveness.

## Abstract

Gene-edited cattle overexpressing natural resistance-associated macrophage 1 (NRAMP1) have demonstrated enhanced resistance to tuberculosis (TB). However, introducing synthetic sequences and selection markers may pose potential risks. The endogenous editing of target gene promoters could effectively mitigate these risks. To date, no available mutation sites in the bovine NRAMP1 promoter have been identified to enhance host resistance to TB. In this study, we identified a unique mutation editing site, designated as 2SP, within the bovine NRAMP1 promoter, using bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase assays. The mutation at the 2SP site specifically increased NRAMP1 promoter activity by 2.3-fold after Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra infection, without modifying promoter activity in non-infected groups. By using base editing techniques, an endogenously edited THP-1 cell line with a mutation at the homologous region of the 2SP site was generated, without introducing screening markers. In H37Ra infection experiments, the edited THP-1 cells specifically upregulated NRAMP1 expression and significantly inhibited H37Ra proliferation, while maintaining baseline NRAMP1 expression levels in the absence of infection. In this research, we identified a novel mutation site and provided a fundamental reference for the development of gene-edited cattle with enhanced resistance to TB.