# Assessment and management of midfoot osteoarthritis by podiatrists in Australia: a cross-sectional survey of current practice

## TL;DR

Australian podiatrists use a variety of assessment and management strategies for midfoot osteoarthritis, highlighting a need for clinical guidelines.

## Contribution

This study provides the first survey-based insight into current podiatric practices for midfoot osteoarthritis in Australia.

## Key findings

- Physical assessments and medical imaging are commonly used for midfoot OA diagnosis.
- Footwear advice and orthotic therapy are frequently used treatment approaches.
- Podiatrists often refer patients to other healthcare practitioners if treatment is ineffective.

## Abstract

Midfoot osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and disabling condition, yet lacks clinical guidelines for its assessment and management. This study aimed to investigate strategies used by Australian podiatrists to assess and manage midfoot OA. An exploratory cross-sectional survey of podiatrists working in Australia was conducted. Respondents were invited through professional organisations to complete an online questionnaire on their usual assessment and management practices for midfoot OA, based on a vignette. Between November 2022 and July 2023, 103 participants (52% women, mean age 40 years) with an average of 15 years of clinical experience responded. Physical assessments (including history taking and musculoskeletal assessments) (96%) and medical imaging (90%) were commonly used diagnostic methods, with palpation (96%), passive movement testing (95%) and x-ray imaging (62%) frequently reported. Associated impairments were assessed with range of motion testing of the midfoot (96%), gait analysis (95%), functional tests (83%), muscle strength (72%), and observation of static alignment (71%), including foot posture (69%). Most participants assessed comorbidities (93%), body composition (66%) and cognitive/psychosocial impairments (62%). Treatment approaches included footwear advice (97%), orthotic therapy (85%), strapping/taping (81%), education (79%), and exercise therapy (75%). One-third (34%) expected a ‘satisfactory’ treatment response within two months, and 36% would refer to another healthcare practitioner for co-management between two and three months if treatment was ineffective. A wide range of approaches are used to assess and manage midfoot OA. These findings have potential to inform the design of future studies in developing valid assessment approaches and effective interventions for this condition.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00296-025-05881-9.