# Relationships between leisure participation, leisure constraints, and quality of life among individuals with lower-limb amputations in South Africa

## TL;DR

This study explores how leisure activities and barriers affect the quality of life for people with lower-limb amputations in South Africa.

## Contribution

It is the first study to examine these relationships in South Africans with lower-limb amputations.

## Key findings

- Intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints significantly impact physical and social quality of life.
- Leisure participation shows moderate positive associations with quality of life domains.
- Addressing these barriers may improve overall quality of life for this population.

## Abstract

Individuals with lower-limb amputations (LLAs) face unique challenges that affect their leisure participation and overall quality of life (QoL).

This study examines the relationships between leisure participation, leisure constraints and QoL among South Africans with LLAs (N = 50, mean age 46.2 ± 11.63 years).

A cross-sectional quantitative design was used, collecting data via the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale-Revised (TAPES-R), Constraints to Participation, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Disability Module (WHOQOL-DIS) questionnaires.

Weak to moderate relationships were found between leisure participation and constraints (interpersonal: τb = –0.01, p = 0.402; structural: τb = –0.21, p = 0.072). Moderate positive associations emerged between leisure participation and QoL in the disability module (τb = 0.21, p = 0.073), physical domain (τb = 0.20, p = 0.088) and environment domain (τb = 0.20, p = 0.091). Medium-negative correlations were observed between QoL and constraints in the physical domain (intrapersonal: r = –0.33, p = 0.021; interpersonal: r = –0.32, p = 0.021). Significant negative relationships were found between QoL (social domain) and both intrapersonal (r = –0.33, p = 0.020) and interpersonal constraints (r = –0.36, p = 0.010).

This is the first study to explore these relationships in South Africans with LLAs. Intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints significantly impact physical and social QoL. Addressing these barriers may improve overall QoL in this population.

This study provides novel insights into the interplay between leisure participation, constraints, and QoL among South Africans with LLAs. By identifying the significant impact of intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints on physical and social QoL, these findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce barriers and enhance leisure engagement.