# Arteriovenous Fistula: An Unusual Complication of Orthognathic Surgery—Case Report and a Brief Review

## TL;DR

This paper reports a rare case of an arteriovenous fistula following jaw surgery and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The paper presents a novel case report and review of a rare complication following orthognathic surgery.

## Key findings

- An arteriovenous fistula can occur as a rare complication of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.
- Endovascular embolization was effective in treating the fistula in this case.
- Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial for successful outcomes.

## Abstract

Arteriovenous fistulas rarely occur in the head and neck region. They typically arise from blunt or penetrating trauma but can develop as an uncommon complication following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, a procedure to correct jaw deformities. This report describes a male patient who experienced an arteriovenous fistula after orthognathic surgery. We detail the diagnosis through patient symptoms and imaging, along with successful treatment via endovascular embolization. We also follow the patient for 1 year. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this rare complication to ensure prompt diagnosis and intervention. We discuss key points for preventing, diagnosing, and effectively treating arteriovenous fistulas after orthognathic surgery.