# Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injury

## TL;DR

This study examines employment disparities among people with spinal cord injuries in Switzerland and identifies factors influencing their employment rates.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the determinants of employment gaps among individuals with spinal cord injuries using population-based data.

## Key findings

- Disability employment gaps decreased over time for individuals with complete tetraplegia.
- Those with the fewest years of education experienced a marginal increase in employment gaps.
- Regional disparities in employment opportunities were observed.

## Abstract

The disability employment gap (DEG) is instrumental in monitoring social progress and employment inequalities. This study evaluated the DEG and its determinants among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Switzerland.

Employment data from three consecutive population-based surveys were analyzed and compared with the general Swiss population, matched according to sex, age, year, and region of residence. Mixed-effects Poisson regression modelling was applied to evaluate the determinants of labor market participation (LMP) and derive marginal predictions for the DEG.

DEGs decreased over calendar time, with individuals with complete tetraplegia exhibiting the most substantial reduction (2012: −37%, 2022: −25%); however, their probability of LMP in 2022 remained 25% lower than those with incomplete paraplegia. The DEG marginally increased among those with the fewest years of education (0–9) (2012: −48.1%, 2022: −49.2%). Regional disparities were also observed.

Our findings indicate improved LMP opportunities in the Swiss SCI population, but also highlight the need to promote access to quality employment opportunities, vocational education, and training programs for severely injured individuals with low education. Additionally, efforts should be made to ensure equal LMP prospects across Switzerland.