# Prior hospitalizations as a predictor of prognosis in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction

## TL;DR

The study finds that recent hospitalizations predict worse outcomes in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced ejection fraction.

## Contribution

The study identifies prior hospitalizations as a strong independent predictor of prognosis in HFmrEF patients.

## Key findings

- Prior hospitalizations within 12 months were linked to higher mortality and rehospitalization rates.
- The department or type of prior hospitalization did not significantly affect prognosis.
- Multivariable analysis confirmed the independent prognostic value of recent hospitalizations.

## Abstract

This study aims to investigate the prognostic impact of the presence and type of prior hospitalizations in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF).

Data investigating the prognostic impact of the present and type of previous all-cause hospitalizations in HFmrEF is limited.

Consecutive patients hospitalized with HFmrEF at a single medical center were retrospectively included from 2016 to 2022. The prognosis of patients with a prior hospitalization < 12 months was compared to patients without. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30 months (median follow-up), the key secondary endpoint was heart failure (HF)-related rehospitalization at 30 months.

Two thousand one hundred eighty four patients with HFmrEF were included, 34.8% had a previous hospitalization < 12 months (admission to internal medicine and geriatrics: 60.8%, surgical department: 23.5%). The presence of a previous hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (38.6% vs. 27.4%; HR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.30–1.76; p = 0.01) and HF-related rehospitalization at 30 months (21.2% vs. 9.1%; HR = 2.48; 95% CI 1.96–3.14; p = 0.01), even after multivariable adjustments. However, the department of previous hospitalization (internal medicine vs. surgical) did not significantly affect the risk of 30-months all-cause mortality (37.1% vs. 43.2%; HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.63–1.08; p = 0.16) or HF-related rehospitalization (24.0% vs. 16.8%; HR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.98–2.24; p = 0.07). Finally, the type of previous admission (i.e., elective, emergency vs. HF-related admission) (log-rank p = 0.29) did not affect the risk of 30-months all-cause mortality.

Prior hospitalizations within 12 months were independently associated with impaired long-term mortality in patients with HFmrEF, irrespective of the department or type of prior admission.