# Correlação do Fator de Diferenciação de Crescimento-15 com Marcadores Urinários em Pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica

**Authors:** Gustavo Rodolfo Moreira, Diane Xavier Ávila, Angelo Michele Di Candia, Victoria Depes Scaramussa, Humberto Villacorta, Gustavo Rodolfo Moreira, Diane Xavier Ávila, Angelo Michele Di Candia, Victoria Depes Scaramussa, Humberto Villacorta

PMC · DOI: 10.36660/abc.20240153 · 2025-03-27

## TL;DR

This study shows that GDF-15 is more strongly linked to kidney dysfunction markers than NT-proBNP in patients with chronic heart failure.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that GDF-15 correlates better with renal markers than NT-proBNP in chronic heart failure patients.

## Key findings

- GDF-15 and NT-proBNP both show weak to moderate negative correlations with urinary sodium and eGFR.
- GDF-15 is independently associated with eGFR and urinary sodium better than NT-proBNP.
- The findings support GDF-15 as a strong prognostic marker in chronic heart failure.

## Abstract

Há uma falha em se identificar pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) com um risco aumentado de hospitalização e morte. O Fator de Diferenciação de Crescimento-15 (GDF-15), um biomarcador associado com inflamação e estresse oxidativo, surge como um candidato associado a doença renal e cardiovascular. Valores baixos de taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe), Sódio Urinário (NaU), e valores altos da relação albumina/creatinina urinária são marcadores renais já associados com um alto risco de internação hospitalar e mortalidade.

Avaliar a relação entre GDF-15 e marcadores renais em pacientes com IC crônica.

Incluímos 87 pacientes consecutivos com IC sintomática e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo reduzida (FEVE <40%), FEVE levemente reduzida (40-49%) ou FEVE melhorada (50%, mas <50% anteriormente) em um hospital universitário. Comparamos as associações do GDF-15 e a fração N-terminal do pro-peptídeo natriurético do tipo B (NT-proBNP) com marcadores renais, usando testes de correlação e análise de regressão múltipla com nível de significância de 5%.

o GDF-15 e o NT-proBNP apresentaram correlações negativas fracas a moderadas com NaU (r=-0,362; p=0,007; r=-0,334; p=0,014, respectivamente) e TFGe (r=-0,385; p=0,0002; r=-0,346; p=0001, respectivamente). GDF-15, idade, hipertensão e NT-proBNP foram independentemente associados com TFGe na análise de regressão múltipla (total, R2=0,30). Somente o GDF-15 se associou independentemente com NaU (R2=0,45).

Nesses pacientes crônicos com IC, o GDF-15 correlaciona-se melhor com marcadores de disfunção renal que o NT-proBNP. Uma vez que o valor prognóstico dos marcadores renais está bem estabelecido, esses achados reforçam o papel prognóstico do GDF-15 na IC crônica.

Figura Central: Correlação do Fator de Diferenciação de Crescimento-15 com Marcadores Urinários em Pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica

There is a lack in identifying heart failure (HF) patients with an increased risk of hospitalization and death. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a biomarker associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, emerges as a candidate associated with cardiovascular and renal disease. The low estimated glomerular filter rate (eGFR), low urinary sodium (UNa), and the high ratio of albumin to creatinine are renal markers already associated with a high risk of hospitalization and mortality.

To evaluate the relationship between GDF-15 and renal markers in patients with chronic HF.

We enrolled 87 consecutive patients with symptomatic HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 40%), mildly reduced LVEF (40–49%) or an improved LVEF (50% but previously < 50%) in a university hospital. We compared the associations of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP with renal markers using correlation tests and multiple regression analysis at the significance level of 5%.

GDF-15 and NT-proBNP had weak to moderate negative correlations with UNa (r=-0.362, p=0.007; r=-0.334, p=0.014, respectively) and eGFR (r=-0.385, p=0.0002; r=-0.346, p=0.001, respectively). GDF-15, age, hypertension and NT-proBNP were independently associated with eGFR in multiple regression analysis (overall R2=0.32). GDF-15 (positive) and age (negative) were independently associated with UAC (overall, R2=0.30). Only GDF-15 was independently associated with UNa (R2=0.45).

In these chronic patients with HF, GDF-15 is better correlated with markers of renal dysfunction than NT-proBNP. Since the prognostic value of renal markers is well established, these findings reinforce the prognostic role of GDF-15 in chronic HF.

Central Illustration: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 is Correlated With Urinary Markers in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

## Linked entities

- **Proteins:** GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15)
- **Diseases:** heart failure (MONDO:0005252), cardiovascular disease (MONDO:0004995), renal disease (MONDO:0005240)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) [NCBI Gene 9518] {aka GDF-15, HG, MIC-1, MIC1, NAG-1, PDF}, ALB (albumin) [NCBI Gene 213] {aka FDAHT, HSA, PRO0883, PRO0903, PRO1341}
- **Diseases:** Chronic Heart Failure (MESH:D006333), inflammation (MESH:D007249), cardiovascular and renal disease (MESH:D002318), death (MESH:D003643), hypertension (MESH:D006973), renal dysfunction (MESH:D007674)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Figures

4 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12058138/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12058138