# Effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) oil in cardiometabolic outcomes in participants with pre and stage 1 hypertension: Protocol for a placebo randomized controlled trial

## TL;DR

This study will test if peppermint oil can help lower blood pressure in people with early-stage hypertension.

## Contribution

The study introduces a randomized controlled trial to evaluate peppermint oil's effects on blood pressure in pre- and stage 1 hypertensive individuals.

## Key findings

- The trial will measure systolic blood pressure changes after 20 days of peppermint oil supplementation.
- Secondary outcomes include effects on diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and psychological wellbeing.

## Abstract

Hypertension is the predominant risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, with significant healthcare utilization and expenditure. Pharmaceutical management is habitually adopted; although its long-term effectiveness remains ambiguous, and accompanying adverse effects are disquieting. Peppermint owing to its abundance of menthol and flavonoids, possesses a range of potential hypertensive benefits.

Our previous trial has shown that peppermint is able to mediate significant improvements in systolic blood pressure in healthy individuals. But there has yet to be any randomized placebo-controlled studies, examining the efficacy of peppermint supplementation in hypertensive individuals.

This study proposes a placebo randomized controlled trial, exploring the effects of daily peppermint oil supplementation on outcomes pertinent to hypertensive disease in individuals with pre and stage 1 hypertension.

This 20-day, parallel randomized, placebo-controlled trial will recruit 40 individuals, assigned to receive either 100μL per day of either Peppermint oil or a peppermint flavoured placebo. The primary trial outcome will be the between-group difference in systolic blood pressure from baseline to post-intervention. Secondary outcome measurements will be between-group differences in anthropometric, haematological, diastolic blood pressure/ resting heart rate, psychological wellbeing, and sleep efficacy indices. Statistical analysis will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis using linear mixed effects models to contrast differences in the changes from baseline to 20-days between the two trial arms.

Ethical approval has been granted by the University of Central Lancashire (HEALTH 01074) and the study has formally been registered as a trial (NCT05561543). Dissemination of the trial findings will be through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05561543.

HEALTH 01074.