# Fertility-Enhancing Potential of P. amygdalas and J. regia Oil Mixture in Wistar Rats: Male/Female Infertility Models Assessment

## TL;DR

A study in rats found that a mixture of almond and walnut oil may improve fertility in both males and females by boosting hormones and reducing oxidative stress.

## Contribution

This is the first study to experimentally show that a walnut and almond oil mixture can enhance fertility in both genders.

## Key findings

- The oil mixture improved male fertility parameters like sperm quality in both parent and offspring generations.
- The mixture restored hormone levels and antioxidant activity in both male and female infertility models.
- Histological analysis showed improved folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in treated rats.

## Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids–rich nuts are a group of natural sources that have served as a tonic in the treatment of many ailments for centuries. In this regard, P. amygdalas and J. regia nuts are traditionally used in infertility treatments. However, so far, the main mechanisms for the fertility-enhancing effects of these nuts in males/females are unknown. The present study was intended to evaluate the fertility-boosting effect of a mixture constituting P. amygdalas and J. regia oil on male/female infertility models and in two successive generations of rats; F0 (parents) and F1 (offspring). For the fertility assessment, male and female rats, 18 pairs (n = 36, 1:1, F0 generation), were separated into three groups and dosed with 2 and 4 mL/kg daily of oil mixture and saline, respectively, from precohabitation up to lactation. To determine the further protective role of the oil mixture in infertility, we designed ethanol-induced male and estradiol-induced female infertility models. Various parameters like hormonal, hematological, lipid profile, and antioxidant markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were measured along with histopathology of sex organs. The continual exposure of F0 and F1 generations to the oil mixture did not affect the fertility index and survival index in females. However, in males, all sperm parameters were significantly improved in both generations. We have found pronounced fertility outcomes with oil mixture supplementation in both genders of F0 and F1 generations. Results showed that the oil mixture significantly restored (p < 0.05) luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone, GPx, plasma testosterone, and SOD activities in both models. Histological findings endorsed enhanced folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis with enhanced architecture. Our results strongly suggest that P. amygdalas and J. regia oil mixture might be a promising option in future for male/female sterility treatment. This finding could pave the way in infertile men and women for clinical trials. This is the first study that has provided an experimental rationale for a walnut and almond oil mixture combination as an effective candidate for fertility recovery by improving sex hormones and managing oxidative stress.