# Novel target identification towards drug repurposing based on biological activity profiles

## TL;DR

This paper presents a computational approach to identify new drug targets for repurposing by predicting relationships between genes and compounds, aiming to improve treatments for rare diseases.

## Contribution

The study introduces machine learning models to predict gene-compound relationships for drug repurposing, validated with high accuracy and case studies.

## Key findings

- Machine learning models achieved high accuracy (>0.75) in predicting gene-compound relationships.
- Predictions were validated using public experimental datasets and case studies.
- The approach expands on prior work by systematically predicting targets for over 6000 compounds.

## Abstract

Rare diseases affect more than 30 million individuals, with the majority facing limited treatment options, elevating the urgency to innovative therapeutic solutions. Addressing these medical challenges necessitates an exploration of novel treatment modalities. Among these, drug repurposing emerges as a promising avenue, offering both potential and risk mitigation. To achieve this goal, we primarily focused on developing predictive models that harness cutting-edge computational techniques to uncover latent relationships between gene targets and chemical compounds towards drug repurposing. Building upon our previous investigation, where we successfully identified gene targets for compounds from the Tox21 in vitro assays, our endeavor expanded to a systematic prediction of potential targets for drug repurposing employing machine learning models built on diverse algorithms such as Support Vector Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting. These models were trained on comprehensive biological activity profile data to predict the relationship between 143 gene targets and over 6000 compounds. Our models demonstrated high accuracy (>0.75), with predictions further validated by using public experimental datasets. Furthermore, several findings were evaluated via case studies. By elucidating these connections, we aim to streamline the drug repurposing process, ultimately catalyzing the discovery of more effective therapeutic interventions for rare diseases.