# Transcriptome insights into newcastle disease virus-mediated eradication of cholangiocarcinoma cells

## TL;DR

This study explores how a strain of Newcastle Disease Virus can kill cholangiocarcinoma cells and identifies key genes and pathways involved in this process.

## Contribution

The study is the first to investigate the effectiveness of NDV against cholangiocarcinoma and identifies novel gene expression patterns and hub genes.

## Key findings

- The LaSota strain of NDV effectively eliminates two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.
- Transcriptome analysis reveals altered gene expression in pathways like TNF-alpha signaling and apoptosis.
- Key hub genes such as CCNA2, CDK1, and IFIT1 are identified as influencing the response to NDV.

## Abstract

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has emerged as a promising oncolytic viral therapy for various human cancers; however, its effectiveness against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unexplored. This study presents the capability of the lentogenic LaSota strain of NDV to eliminate two CCA cell lines, KKU-055 and KKU-100, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in gene expression within several pathways in CCA cells following exposure to the LaSota strain NDV, including those involved in TNF-alpha signaling via NF-kB, interferon alpha response, apoptosis, and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. We remarkably observed a contrasting alteration in the expression of CXCR4, GRAMD1B, IGFBP4, and TGM2 genes in KKU-055 and KKU-100 cells. In addition, gene network analysis highlighted CCNA2, CDK1, DDX58, DHX58, EXO1, GBP1, IFIH1, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IRF7, ISIG15, MX1, OAS1, OAS2, PARP9, TOP2A and XAF1 as potential hub genes influencing the response of CCA cells to NDV LaSota strain. Our findings offer evidence supporting the promise of NDV-based therapies as potential strategies for eliminating CCA cells.