# Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity during repeated handgrip exercise: Comparisons with sit‐stand maneuvers and spontaneous rest

## TL;DR

This study compares how well repeated handgrip exercise and sit-stand maneuvers assess heart rate regulation during changes in blood pressure.

## Contribution

The study introduces repeated handgrip exercise as a practical alternative to sit-stand maneuvers for assessing baroreflex sensitivity.

## Key findings

- Repeated handgrip exercise increased blood pressure and heart rate oscillations more than rest.
- Baroreflex sensitivity remained stable during handgrip exercise but decreased during sit-stand maneuvers.
- Handgrip exercise improved the accuracy of baroreflex sensitivity estimation through increased coherence.

## Abstract

The cardiac baroreflex regulates arterial pressure via autonomic heart rate control. While sit‐stand maneuvers (SSM) have been used to assess baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), they may be impractical for physically immobile individuals. This study examined cardiac BRS during repeated handgrip exercise (RHE) compared to SSM and spontaneous rest. Twenty participants (10 females) performed 5‐min RHE and SSM at 0.10 and 0.05 Hz in random order after spontaneous rest. Cardiac BRS was calculated using transfer function analysis (BRSTFA) and the sequence method (BRSSM) in low (LF: 0.05–0.15 Hz) and very low (VLF: 0.02–0.07 Hz) frequencies. Power spectral density (PSD) quantified systolic blood pressure (SBP) and R‐R interval (RRI) oscillations. Compared to rest, 0.10 and 0.05 Hz RHE significantly increased SBP and RRI PSDs, with the highest values observed during SSM in both frequencies. RHE significantly increased LF and VLF BRSTFA coherence by 132% and 142%, while SSM increased them by 144% and 209%. Regardless of analytical methods, BRS remained unchanged during RHE compared to rest, but it significantly decreased during 0.10 Hz SSM, which correlated with increased heart rate. These findings suggest that RHE improves BRSTFA estimation via increased coherence, whereas reduced BRS during SSM suggests baroreflex resetting.