# Acute effect of three functional fitness training designs with equalized load on inexperienced and experienced athletes

## TL;DR

This study compares the effects of three functional fitness workouts on athletes with different experience levels, finding that workout type influences exertion, fatigue, and performance.

## Contribution

The study provides empirical evidence on how workout type and expertise level influence physiological and performance outcomes in functional fitness training.

## Key findings

- FT workouts led to higher lactate and perceived exertion compared to AMRAP and EMOM.
- EMOM caused less neuromuscular fatigue and lactate accumulation, especially in experienced athletes.
- Heart rate variability changes were influenced by workout type and expertise level.

## Abstract

In the realm of functional fitness training (FFT), three common circuits—as many repetitions or round as possible (AMRAP), for time (FT), and every minute on a minute (EMOM)—are prevalent. We aimed to elucidate the immediate impacts on athletes, considering the experience, when performing three workout modalities with matched training loads.

Twenty-five healthy men and women, with at least three months of experience in FFT, were allocated into the Inexperienced group (IG) and Experienced group (EG). The cut point for allocating participant in each group was set at 24 months. All of them participated in three workouts (AMRAP, FT and EMOM) with three days of rest. A double comparison was performed between level of experience (IG and EG) and among kinds of training in rating of perceived exertion (RPE), lactate concentration (LAC), countermovement jump (CMJ), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) using ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests.

Sex was initially analyzed but had no influence, leading to combined group analyses. The workout type significantly impacted performance, with AMRAP showing differences between expertise levels (ES = 0.81, p = .044). RPE varied by workout type (F(2,46) = 11.003; p < .001), with EG reporting FT as the most and EMOM as the least demanding. Lactate levels increased across all workouts, with FT showing the highest and EMOM the lowest levels (ES = 1.05, p < .001). CMJ performance declined post-AMRAP and FT in both groups, but not after EMOM. No expertise-level differences were found in HRmean or HRmax, but HRV changes were influenced by workout type (F(2,46) = 7.381; p < .01) and expertise (F(1,23) = 4.657; p = .034), with significant decreases in HRV after AMRAP and FT for IG.

The study demonstrates that FT produced greater LAC and RPE as compared to an AMRAP, whereas EMOM generated less neuromuscular fatigue and Lac, particularly in EG. These results underscore the importance of individualizing workout selection to expertise level to optimize performance. Future research should explore longitudinal adaptation to different workout types across diverse populations.