# Etiological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Urinary Isolates Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rajkot, Gujarat

## TL;DR

This study analyzed urine samples from a hospital in Gujarat to identify the bacteria causing UTIs and their antibiotic susceptibility.

## Contribution

The study provides region-specific insights into UTI-causing bacteria and effective antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in Rajkot.

## Key findings

- Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were the most common UTI pathogens.
- Fosfomycin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin showed high effectiveness against the isolates.
- Female patients aged 51-70 had the highest infection rates.

## Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to determine the occurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the bacteriological spectrum in urine samples, as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study (October 2022 to October 2024) was conducted in the microbiology department, analyzing urine sample records using biochemical techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility testing guided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM Corp., 2015).

Results: Among 1,027 samples, 13.43% yielded positive cultures. Most infections occurred in females (64.49%), particularly those aged 51-70 (56%). Gram-negative bacteria (89.13%), predominantly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were more common than Gram-positive bacteria (9.42%). Effective antibiotics included fosfomycin (85.97%), gentamicin (90%), and nitrofurantoin (77.6%).

Conclusions: UTIs in this region are largely caused by Gram-negative bacteria, primarily Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin are recommended for initial treatment. These findings support the development of empirical treatment protocols for the region.